Viral-induced neuroinflammation: Different mechanisms converging to similar exacerbated glial responses

Brenda Rocamonde (1) , Uzma Hasan (1, 2) , Cyrille Mathieu (1) , Hélène Dutartre (1)

1 CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie
2 UNICANCER/CRCL - Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon

There is increasing evidence that viral infections are the source/origin of various types of encephalitis, encephalomyelitis, and other neurological and cognitive disorders. While the involvement of certain viruses, such as the Nipah virus and measles virus, is known, the mechanisms of neural invasion and the factors that trigger intense immune reactions are not fully understood. Based on recent publications, this review discusses the role of the immune response, interactions between viruses and glial cells, and cytokine mediators in the development of inflammatory diseases in the central nervous system. It also highlights the significant gaps in knowledge regarding these mechanisms.

Mots clés: neuro-infection; HTLV-1; measles virus; Nipah virus (NiV); HAM/TSP pathogenesis; multiple sclerosis; encephalitis

Domaines: Maladies infectieuses; Immunité adaptative; Immunité innée; Virologie; Neurobiologie

Brenda Rocamonde, Uzma Hasan, Cyrille Mathieu, Hélène Dutartre. Viral-induced neuroinflammation: Different mechanisms converging to similar exacerbated glial responses. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2023, 17, pp.1108212. ⟨10.3389/fnins.2023.1108212⟩. ⟨hal-04298652⟩